V prechádzajúcich dvoch článkoch sme si predstavili bezpečnostné hrozby a podvody, ktoré na vás čakajú na internete. V dnešnom článku si predstavíme opatrenia, ktorými takéto hrozby minimalizujete, situácie, v ktorých sú vaše citlivé dáta v najväčšom nebezpečenstve, a tiež to ako po sebe na internete zanechávať čo najmenej stôp.
Opatrení, ako čo najlepšie zamedziť úniku vašich “citlivých” osobných údajov, je niekoľko. Prvým je kvalitne vytvorené heslo. Odborníci na kyberbezpečnosť sa zhodujú, že kvalitné heslo by malo mať aspoň 12 znakov. Tvorené by malo byť z kombinácie malých a veľkých písmen, čísel, poprípade ak je to možné tak zo špecifických znakov (bodka, pomlčka, hastag…). Tiež sa odporúča nepoužívať slovníkové slová a ani ich kombináciu, lepšie je preto použiť náhodné zoskupenie znakov než celé slová ako napríklad pes. Posledným odporúčaním pri tvorbe hesla je nespoliehať sa na zjavné substitúcie. To znamená, že nie je vhodné vziať slovníkové slovo dom a písmeno “o” nahradiť číslicou “0”. Hoci sa to môže javiť ako dômyselnejšie heslo, stále nie je dostatočne odolné. Heslo, ktoré spĺňa nasledovné kritériá môže byť napríklad 3o(t&gSp&3hZ4#t9 . Hoci sa takéto heslo môže na prvý pohľad javiť takmer ako nemožné na používanie, opak je pravdou. Väčšina operačných systémov ponúka službu knižnica hesiel, v ktorej si viete uložiť špecifické heslo pre každú službu.
Ďalším, v dnešnej dobe už značne rozšíreným opatrením, je Dvojfaktorové overenie (Dvojfázové overenie). Ide o overenie nie len cez heslo, ale aj cez ďalší krok – ďalší bezpečnostný krok. Môže to byť kód z SMS správy, určitá bezpečnostná otázka, poprípade overenie cez externú aplikáciu. Takouto aplikáciou je napríklad Microsoft Authenticator (Microsoft Autentifikátor). Jeho použitie je veľmi často naviazané napríklad na tenanty vytvorené cez Microsoft Azure.
Pozor si tiež treba dávať kde sa ku svojim účtom prihlasujete. Pokiaľ sa chcete prihlasovať k aplikáciám internet bankingu (internetového bankovníctva) alebo ku službám slúžiacim ako komunikácia zo štátom, je potrebné byť obozretný, aby ste boli pripojený na internetovú sieť, ktorá je zabezpečená. Pokiaľ by zabezpečená nebola vystavujete sa riziku možného úniku vašich hesiel alebo dát. Preto jedno veľmi zásadné pravidlo je do takýchto aplikácií alebo na takéto weby sa neprihlasovať na verejných sieťach. Ako sme si už v predchádzajúcich článkoch načrtli, obozretnosť tiež pri prihlasovaní treba mať na doméne stránky, keďže obľúbeným podvodom sú stránky, ktoré sú takmer totožné k originálu, ale v doméne sa mierne líšia.
Pozor treba tiež dávať pri odkazov, obzvlášť ak pochádzajú z neznámych zdrojov. Môže totiž ísť o podvodnú stránku, ktorá prenáša nejaký skrytý Malware. V prípade, že by šlo o stránku zameranú na žurnalistiku, o ktorej ste nikdy predtým nepočuli, je dôležité si informácie overovať, keďže môže ísť o stránku šíriacu dezinformácie a konšpirácie. Ďalším so spôsobov ako sa na internete kryť pred Nebezpečenstvami a nástrahami internetu je služba VPN – Virtual Private Network (virtuálna privátna sieť). VPN vám umožňuje vytvoriť bezpečné a šifrované spojenie medzi vaším zariadením a internetom. To znamená, že všetky údaje, ktoré odosielate a prijímate cez túto sieť, sú chránené pred neoprávneným prístupom a špionážou. VPN funguje tak, že prenáša vaše internetové údaje cez server VPN, ktorý vám poskytne novú IP adresu, čím skryje vašu skutočnú polohu a identitu. Dnes existuje už množstvo VPN služieb, preto je potrebné si vybrať naozaj kvalitnú. Jednou z takých je napríklad Microsoft Edge VPN.
V závere by som dal len jednu všeobecne platnú radu, ktorá platí nie len pre fungovanie na internete, ale aj v živote. Vo všetkých situáciách je potrebné kriticky premýšľať a uvažovať nad dopadmi svojho konania. Dúfam, že vám táto séria článkov pomohla, ozrejmila a rozšírila vaše obzory o nové poznatky. Teším sa na vás pri ďalších článkoch 🙂 .
zdroje : Ako vytvoriť silné heslo (a zapamätať si ho) (howtogeek.com) , Čo je to VPN a ako funguje? Aké sú jeho výhody a nevýhody? | ESET
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